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TOPIC: Hunter gatherers


L

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RE: Hunter gatherers
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Grisly fossils from Kenya reveal a 10,000-year-old massacre

Scientists have found grisly evidence of a massacre in Kenya about 10,000 years ago, providing rare evidence of violence between groups in ancient hunter-gatherer societies. Researchers said the discovery casts light on the poorly understood roots of warfare. Evidence of violence appeared in 10 of 12 relatively complete fossil skeletons the scientists found by what used to be the edge of a lagoon. That included five or six cases of apparent arrow wounds to the head or neck, and five cases where the head was smashed with something like a club. One skull had a sharpened stone still embedded.
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Unique social structure of hunter-gatherers explained

Sex equality in residential decision-making explains the unique social structure of hunter-gatherers, a new UCL study reveals. Previous research has noted the low level of relatedness in hunter-gatherer bands. This is surprising because humans depend on close kin to raise offspring, so generally exhibit a strong preference for living close to parents, siblings and grandparents.
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Researchers reveal hunter-gatherers' taste for spice

Archaeologists at York, working with colleagues in Denmark, Germany and Spain, have found evidence of the use of spices in cuisine at the transition to agriculture. The researchers discovered traces of garlic mustard on the charred remains of pottery dating back nearly 7,000 years.
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Geschickte Jäger schon vor 300.000 Jahren

Seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre steht die altpaläolithische Fundstelle in Schöningen im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit von Archäologen. Durch die Entdeckung von acht erstaunlich gut erhaltenen und etwa 300.000 Jahren alten Speeren, den bisher ältesten bekannten Jagdwaffen, wurden heftige Diskussionen ausgelöst und neue Fragen zur damaligen Lebensweise der Hominiden in Mitteleuropa gestellt. Die Speere sowie Steinartefakte und Tierreste zeigen, dass die Menschen bereits damals geschickte und erfolgreich angepasste Jäger waren, die dem modernen Menschen in ihrer Planungstiefe, ihrem Abstraktionsvermögen und ihrer reichen Erfahrung sehr ähnlich waren. Sie gehörten höchstwahrscheinlich zur Art "Homo heidelbergensis", jedoch wurden Knochen von Menschen bisher nicht entdeckt. 
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World's 'oldest fish trap' found off coast of Sweden

Wooden fish traps said to be some 9,000 years old have been found in the Baltic Sea off Sweden, possibly the oldest such traps in existence.
Marine archaeologists from Stockholm's Sodertorn University found finger-thick hazel rods grouped on the sea bed.

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Title: Elephants and subsistence. Evidence of the human exploitation of extremely large mammal bones from the Middle Palaeolithic site of PRERESA (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: J. Yravedra, S. Rubio-Jara, J. Panera, D. Uribelarrea, A. Pérez-González

The archaeological site at PRERESA (Madrid, Spain) has been dated to 84 ± 5.6 ka by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) (MIS 5a). An area 255 m² was excavated and 754 lithic pieces were recovered, as well as a large amount of micro and macro vertebrate remains, including proboscidean bones. The aim of this paper is to outline the results of the taphonomic study of these remains. The identification of cut marks on a number of the bones recovered strengthens the theory that the exploitation of extremely large mammals was more than just a marginal practice before the Upper Palaeolithic. Additionally, the identification of green-bone fractures and percussion marks confirm for the first time, that the bone marrow of these taxa was also consumed. Few other cases of this practice have been identified, firstly because obtaining this substance would not be an easy matter, and secondly because similar nutritional needs can also be met by the consumption of brain matter, which is easier to acquire.

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More than 7,500-year-old fish traps found in Russia

A team of international archaeologists, led by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), has documented a series of more than 7,500-year-old fish seines and traps near Moscow. The equipment found, among the oldest in Europe, displays a great technical complexity. The survey will allow us to understand the role of fishing among the European settlements by early Holocene (10,000 years ago), especially in those areas where inhabitants did not practice agriculture until nearly the Iron Age.
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Face-to-face with an ancient human

A reconstruction based on the skull of Norway's best-preserved Stone Age skeleton makes it possible to study the features of a boy who lived outside Stavanger 7 500 years ago.

"It is hoped that this reconstruction is a good likeness and that, if someone who knew him in life had been presented with this restoration, they would hopefully have recognised the face" - Jenny Barber, an MSc student at the University of Dundee in Scotland.

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Daer Excavation
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Biggar Archaeology Group - Daer Excavation

The excavations at Daer as covered in the "Digging for Britain" series Sept 2011. Looks like Biggar Archaeology Group have found the Mesolithic/ Neolithic holy grail in the peat strewn hills of Upper Clydesdale. Great to see some national media attention and 



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RE: Hunter gatherers
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Mesolithic 'rest stop' found at new Sainsbury's site

Archaeologists believe the remains of burned oak uncovered at the site of the Highland's first Sainsbury's store to be evidence of an ancient "rest stop".
The shop and a filling station are being constructed on the outskirts of Nairn, near Inverness at a cost of about £20m.

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