* Astronomy

 A tiny company in Tucson, Arizona, Spectral Instruments, make the craziest digital cameras on the planet.

This one has a dynamic range so incredibly big that it can photograph both the sun and the stars in broad daylight.
It's their 1110 series, a device with a 112 megapixel CCD, black and white, with no Bayer mask or filter of any type, "nothing to detract from the overall image sharpness." Their sensors are extremely light sensitive and can take exposures that last for hours without any noise at all. That's why you can do something like taking a picture of a starry sky in the middle of the day.
Source

Spectral Instruments 1110s