* Astronomy

 Kurile Lake is located in the southernmost part of Kamchatka, at the southern end of the subduction-related Eastern volcanic front. Five Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanoes (from north to south: Zheltovsky; Iliinsky, Dikii Greben'; Koshelev, and Kambalny) located only 12-18 km one from another surround Kurile Lake. Kurile Lake has an area of about 76 km2 and drains into the Ozernaya River, which flows westward to the Sea of Okhotsk.
The Kurile Lake caldera eruption produced at least 140-170 km3 of tephra or 70-80 km3 of magma that makes it the largest Holocene eruption in the Kurile-Kamchatka volcanic arc and ranks it with the largest Holocene explosive eruptions on the Earth such as Tambora, Kikai, Baitoushan, and Crater Lake. Kurile Lake caldera eruption was the most important constituent of "a century" of volcanic catastrophes (6600-6400 BC). During this interval two calderas and numerous other eruptions with a total volume of erupted products of at least 245-292 km3 occurred in Kamchatka

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