* Astronomy

Geologically the Rock of Gibraltar can be interpreted as a klippe,. the eroded remnant of a nappe thrust to its present position during the forming of the Betic-Rif mountains in the late Cenezonic ( between the last 22 and 2 million years ago) which gradually rose from the sea, and it's these land up-lifts that have in part left some evidence that the Rock of Gibraltar once stood as an Island completely surrounded by the sea.

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