Title: Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions Authors: Craig Packer, Alexandra Swanson, Dennis Ikanda, Hadas Kushnir
Nocturnal carnivores are widely believed to have played an important role in human evolution, driving the need for night-time shelter, the control of fire and our innate fear of darkness. However, no empirical data are available on the effects of darkness on the risks of predation in humans. We performed an extensive analysis of predatory behaviour across the lunar cycle on the largest dataset of lion attacks ever assembled and found that African lions are as sensitive to moonlight when hunting humans as when hunting herbivores and that lions are most dangerous to humans when the moon is faint or below the horizon. At night, people are most active between dusk and 10:00 pm, thus most lion attacks occur in the first weeks following the full moon (when the moon rises at least an hour after sunset). Consequently, the full moon is a reliable indicator of impending danger, perhaps helping to explain why the full moon has been the subject of so many myths and misconceptions.
A notorious pair of man-eating lions that teamed up to terrorize Kenyan labour camps more than 100 years ago did not have the same taste for human flesh, a new study suggests. The findings may reveal unexpected flexibility in lion social relationships. Read more
A cave once believed to be the den of two lions that killed and ate 135 railway workers in Kenya in 1898 may instead have been a burial site for natives who lived in the area, scientists said. The cave was discovered by Lt Col John H Patterson months after the lions began attacking workers who were building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River in eastern Kenya. It took Patterson nine months to hunt down and kill both lions.