Theoretical physicists Alexey Ponomarev, Peter Hänggi, and colleagues at the University of Augsburg, Germany, have proposed designs for a quantum-mechanical electric motor. Their motor consists of two ultracold atoms trapped in a ring of laser light. One atom has a electron missing and is electrically charged; the second atom is neutral. By applying an oscillating electric field perpendicular to the plane of the ring, quantum waves would circulate around the ring.