China is to launch 15 rockets, 17 satellites and its third manned mission in 2008, flexing its muscle in space in a year in which it will host the summer Olympics.
China, which is launching a lunar exploration program this year, revealed on Monday how close the country's first astronaut came to death on his return to Earth.
The Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Centre has released information about the danger for chinas first manned spacecraft re-entry. The Shenzhou 5 spacecraft nearly had a fatal ending when spacecraft controllers could not communicate or locate the spacecraft during re-entry. Engineers had anticipated that there would be a communications blackout during the re-entry of Shenzhou 5 in October 2003, carrying Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei, but were unable to locate the capsule on radar during that time, and "the echo signals from the spaceship were still volatile" after the capsule emerged from the blackout area. Without tracking information, controllers risked not deploying parachutes at the proper time and thus risked a crash. Controllers were able to eventually used ground-based cameras to locate the spacecraft and have it come down safely, although the capsule did land nine kilometres from its planned site. The Xi'an centre, which is responsible for every landing of the Shenzhou spaceships since 1999, ordered implementation of the optical guiding and tracking system instead of communication-guided landing control.
China's burgeoning space program has announced plans to launch its first astronomy satellite and participate in joint projects with Russia and France, state media reported Monday. The satellite to be launched in 2010 will carry a "hard X-ray modulation telescope" being developed by Chinese scientists for the study of black holes and other space phenomena, the official newspaper China Daily said, citing a government Space Science Development Plan released over the weekend. China also will take part in Russia's project to send an unmanned probe to Mars' moon, Phobos, to collect soil samples, the paper said. It gave no details, although a Russian space official said last year China would build a mini-satellite that would be carried by the Russian probe and released near Mars to collect data. Russia has scheduled the probe's launch for 2009.
The orbiting capsule of China's Shenzhou VI spacecraft has returned to earth after orbiting 2,920 times, during its 180-day mission that involved a series of tests and experiments and gathered scientific data .
China's next manned space flight, the third in its ambitious program, is scheduled to take place in 2008.
The orbital module from China's Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft has been in normal operation for 100 days, since separating from the re-entry module on Oct 17 last year.
Current monitoring data shows that all systems on the vessel, including power supply, altitude control and data management systems, are working well. Meanwhile, onboard scientific research apparatus have also been switched on, with preliminary results coming in and a quantity of experimental data transmitted.
The module is expected to work for six months to this April.
The Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Centre has changed the orbiting altitude of the Shenzhou-6 capsule. This will allow the orbital module to continue working in space for six more months, during which a series of experiments will be carried out. The command centre remotely fired the orbital module's engines twice to raise the capsule to a target altitude of 355 kilometres above the earth. The new path is quite different from the previous orbiting altitude around the earth, and will allow the craft to be much more flexible in space. The capsule will change its position as it orbits the earth, so its solar energy battery will always be facing the sun.
"This is an important event that will test the capability of the orbital module, to keep working for a long time in space. It will also lay the foundation for space station designs in the future" - Liu Junze, Aircraft Controlling Office Director, Beijing Aerospace Command & Control Centre.
The capsule is planned to have its altitude changed several times in the next six months.
This photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency shows Chinese Taikonauts Fei Junlong, left, and Nie Haisheng relaxing on some chairs before they were whisked away in a helicopter.
The taikonauts are boarding a helicopter to take them to a special ceremony to celebrate the success of the mission.
The next manned mission, slated to include a spacewalk, will take off in 2007, followed by the establishment of an orbiting space station, which would be feasible within the next five years.