Despite what you may have heard, water doesn't always freeze at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. A team of scientists in Israel has come up with a way to control the temperature at which water will freeze. Water, it turns out, is reluctant to freeze. Ice crystals prefer something to form on - a particle of dust will work, or a rough surface. The scientific team found that dust-free water on a smooth, clean surface will drop well below 32 Fahrenheit (zero Celsius) before it freezes. In this state, the water is called "supercooled." But once one crystal does form, the supercooled water will freeze rock-solid in an instant. Read more
Ed ~ Note the observation: "On a positively charged surface, the water freezes from the bottom up, and on a negative surface, the water freezes from the top down".
Interstellar H20: Discovering the Origins of Water in the Universe The European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory Will Search for the Answers to Star Formation, Water Creation and More
When in 1969 Joni Mitchell, in her song "Woodstock," wrote "We are stardust...," she expressed - as any astronomer will tell you - a scientific fact as well as a glaring rock metaphor. Almost all elements in the universe are literally debris blown off by dying stars - material that is later recycled in the formation of new stars, planets and eventually life.
While water plays a crucial role in these cosmic births, much about its own origin in the universe remains unknown.
Elusive forms of water found? Two long sought-after phases of ultra-cold water may have been trapped between crystals of ice. Researchers in India and Italy say they have seen two types of liquid water that have long been suspected to exist below water's normal freezing point.
Water vapour detected on distant planet Scientists have found clear evidence that water vapour exists in the atmospheres of giant, hot planets around other stars.
University of Hawaii researchers will expand investigations and education on the origin, history and distribution of water and its relationship to life in the universe under a new multimillion-dollar NASA astrobiology grant. The grants average $7 million, but UH astronomer Karen Meech, principal investigator, said her team is hoping to get $8 million over the next five years. Her research team was one of 10 selected across the country for NASA Astrobiology Institute grants.
Title: Formation of hydrogen peroxide and water from the reaction of cold hydrogen atoms with solid oxygen at 10K Authors: N.Miyauchi, H.Hidaka, T.Chigai, A.Nagaoka, N.Watanabe, A.Kouchi
The reactions of cold H atoms with solid O2 molecules were investigated at 10 K. The formation of H2O2 and H2O has been confirmed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy. We found that the reaction proceeds very efficiently and obtained the effective reaction rates. This is the first clear experimental evidence of the formation of water molecules under conditions mimicking those found in cold interstellar molecular clouds. Based on the experimental results, we discuss the reaction mechanism and astrophysical implications.
Burning water and other myths Have you heard the one about the water-powered car? If not, don't worry the story will come round again. And again. Crusaders against pseudoscience can rant and rave as much as they like, but in the end they might as well accept that the myth of water as a fuel is never going to go away. Its latest manifestation comes from Pennsylvania, where a former broadcast executive named John Kanzius claims to have found a way to turn salt water into a fuel. Expose it to a radiofrequency field, he says, and the water burns. There are videos to prove it, and scientists and engineers have apparently verified the result.
An Erie cancer researcher has found a way to burn salt water, a novel invention that is being touted by one chemist as the "most remarkable" water science discovery in a century. John Kanzius happened upon the discovery accidentally when he tried to desalinate seawater with a radio-frequency generator he developed to treat cancer. He discovered that as long as the salt water was exposed to the radio frequencies, it would burn.