Scientists have developed a new way of determining the size and frequency of meteorites that have collided with Earth. Their work shows that the size of the meteorite that likely plummeted to Earth at the time of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary 65 million years ago was four to six kilometres in diameter. The meteorite was the trigger, scientists believe, for the mass extinction of dinosaurs and other life forms.
Osmium isotopes in seawater sediment can be used to reveal ancient meteorite strikes, US-based scientists say. The sensitive technique could provide more details on the size of extraterrestrial rocks which have plunged into the sea and vaporised, leaving no crater-shaped calling card behind. Geochemists routinely measure the sediment concentrations of elements such as iridium, in order to infer the presence of meteorites. High levels in ocean sediment indicate that a rock with unnatural concentrations of the element must have dissolved in the sea millions of years ago. But iridium concentrations in seawater vary naturally around the globe, so many monitoring sites are needed.