Ion engine enters space race Engineer Neil Wallace peers into a huge vacuum chamber designed to replicate - as far as possible - the conditions of space. Cryogenic pumps can be heard in the background, whistling away like tiny steam engines. Using helium gas as a coolant, they can bring the temperature in the vacuum chamber down to an incredibly chilly 20 Kelvin (-253C). The pressure, meanwhile, can drop to a millionth of an atmosphere. Read more