Title: Faint moving object detection, and the Low Signal-to-Noise recovery of Main Belt comet P/2008 R1 Garradd Authors: Jan Kleyna, Karen J. Meech, Olivier Hainaut
We describe the recovery of faint Main Belt comet P/2008 R1 Garradd using several telescopes, culminating in a successful low S/N recovery with the Gemini North telescope with GMOS. This recovery was a time-critical effort for a mission proposal, and had to be performed in a crowded field. We describe techniques and software tools for eliminating systematic noise artifacts and stellar residuals, bringing the final detection image statistics close to the Gaussian ideal for a median image stack, and achieving a detection sensitivity close to this theoretical optimum. The magnitude of R_c=26.1±0.2 with an assumed geometric albedo of 0.05 corresponds to a radius of 0.3 km. For ice to have survived in this object over the age of the solar system, it implies that the object is a more recent collisional fragment. We discuss the implications of the unexpectedly faint magnitude and nuclear size of P/2008 R1 on the survival of ice inside very small bodies.
Title: The Nucleus of Main-Belt Comet 259P/Garradd Authors: Eric MacLennan, Henry Hsieh
We present observations of the main-belt comet 259P/Garradd, previously known as P/2008 R1 (Garradd), obtained in 2011 and 2012 using the Gemini North Telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, and the SOAR Telescope at Cerro Pachon in Chile, with the goal of computing the object's phase function and nucleus size. We find an absolute magnitude of H_R=19.71±0.05 mag and slope parameter of G_R=-0.08±0.05 for the inactive nucleus, corresponding to an effective nucleus radius of r_e=0.30±0.02 km, assuming an R-band albedo of p_R=0.05. We also revisit observations reported for 259P while it was active in 2008 to quantify the dust mass loss and compare the object with other known main-belt comets.