The search for life beyond the Earth is closely linked with hunting for habitable worlds. Astronomers have always hoped to find planets in the so-called Goldilocks zone around their parent stars, where the temperature is just right. Liquid water is a key ingredient for life as we know it, and this is one reason why the Earth is in an ideal location. Any closer to the Sun and water would boil away into space; any further out and it would freeze. This restricts our search as it limits the places we think life could exist, but new research hints that habitable zones could extend much farther than previously thought. Siegfried Franck and a team at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and from Warsaw University have been studying frozen extrasolar planets.
A controversial theory, that strange red rains in India six years ago might have contained microbes from outer space, hasnt died. In fact, things might be getting even weirder. A new study suggests the claimed connection between scarlet rain and tiny celestial visitors may be consistent with historical accounts linking coloured rain to meteor passings. These would seem to echo the India case, in which organisms are proposed to have fallen out of a breaking meteor. The study, by doctoral student Patrick McCafferty of Queen's University Belfast, is published in the advance online edition of the International Journal of Astrobiology.
Patrick McCafferty is currently pursuing a PhD at Queens and Armagh Observatory, examining Irish myth and astronomy. Mike Baillie is a world-renowned dendrochronologist, who developed a record of Irish oak trees that stretches seven thousand years into the past, a record that has proved invaluable to archaeologists seeking to date pieces of wood from excavations, or more accurately calibrate the carbon dating method, by comparing carbon years with real, tree years. Recently, Mike has concentrated on catastrophic environmental events in the tree-ring records. http://www.patrickmccafferty.com/index.htm
Analysis of a meteorite from the planet Mars may have laid to rest the possibility of finding life on the Red Planet. A comprehensive imaging study including confocal micro Raman spectroscopy has helped US researchers uncover the origin of organic molecules found in the meteorite and show that these carbon-containing compounds were produced by non-living processes. Andrew Steele and colleagues at The Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, used micro Raman together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and three-dimensional extended focal imaging light microscopy to analyse globules of carbonate salts found throughout the depth of the Martian meteorite known as Allan Hills 84001.
Can life travel from planet to planet? When a rocky world is hit by a meteorite, the impact can send pieces of the planetary surface out into space, and eventually these ejected rocks can travel to other planets in the solar system. Here on Earth we have collected many meteorites that originated from the moon and from Mars, and there are also likely rocks from Earth sitting on the surfaces of our planetary neighbours. On Earth, tiny organisms like bacteria or lichen can live in the crevices and holes that permeate rocks. These forms of life, already adapted to the uncomfortable environment inside a rock, have proven to be resilient when subjected to the harsh conditions of space, often surviving radiation and frigid temperatures when exposed for short periods. Could such forms of life be carried in their rocky home to another world, and then, once landed, set up shop on the alien planet?
Messages sent into space directed at extraterrestrials may have been too boring to earn a reply, say two astrophysicists trying to improve on their previous alien chat lines. Humans have so far sent four messages into space intended for alien listeners. But they have largely been made up of mathematically coded descriptions of some physics and chemistry, with some basic biology and descriptions of humans thrown in. Those topics will not prove gripping reading to other civilisations, says Canadian astrophysicist Yvan Dutil. If a civilisation is advanced enough to understand the message, they will already know most of its contents, he says: "After reading it, they will be none the wiser about us humans and our achievements. In some ways, we may have been wasting our telescope time."
Dont call the aliens, they might not be friendly For decades it has been a staple of science fiction - somewhere out in the galaxy, a highly developed alien race picks up a radio signal from Earth, and decides to eat us for lunch. In a world plagued by war, hunger and disease, a possible attack by little green men may not rank high among most nations concerns. Yet for a small group of scientists who are harnessing increasingly powerful technologies in a trans-galactic search for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence, the prospect of catastrophe has stirred an angry debate. Two senior scientists have resigned from an elite international study group in protest over a lack of public discussion about the possible consequences of attracting the attention of aliens by sending signals deep into space.
Catching a free ride to Mars takes more than sticking out a thumb, but some hardy Earth bacteria could survive as hitchhikers clinging to the outside of spacecraft, studies have shown. Now a set of experiments going up with space shuttle Atlantis to the International Space Station will test how exposure to the harshness of space might change bacteria during a simulated Mars mission.
"We are interested in understanding what types of damage are induced in cells and their DNA by exposure to space, what types of mutations may be induced, and how these mutations might drive evolutionary adaptation to the extreme selective environment of Mars" - Wayne Nicholson, a University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences astrobiologist working from NASA's Space Life Sciences Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Centre.