Next week brings a milestone in the search for extraterrestrial life with the scheduled launch Friday of NASA's Kepler satellite. The mission, named for 16th- and 17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler, will study a group of stars for three-plus years in search of subtle, periodic dips in stellar brightness - the telltale signs of planetary orbits. Although more than 300 planets outside the solar system have already been found using this method, among other techniques, Kepler's strength will lie in its instruments' sensitivity to smaller, cooler planets more hospitable to life and more like our own.
At the most recent NASA Astrobiology Science Conference, a panel of scientists discussed different types of planets where we might find alien life. In the second part of this series, T.C. Onstott digs beneath the surface to look for life, and Peter Ward weighs the odds of finding complex life in space and time.
Some astrobiologists think life may have arrived on Earth inside a comet or meteorite. Calling this process Panspermia is misguided, says a historian who has studied the evolution of thought about lifes origin.
Intelligent civilisations are out there and there could be thousands of them, according to an Edinburgh scientist. The discovery of more than 330 planets outside our solar system in recent years has helped refine the number of life forms that are likely to exist. The current research estimates that there are at least 361 intelligent civilisations in our Galaxy and possibly as many as 38,000. The work is reported in the International Journal of Astrobiology.
If aliens from another planet sent a probe to Earth in search of life, their most promising target would be the tropics, where the greatest density and diversity of life are found. But on other nearby worlds, planets and moons within reach of present-day spacecraft, tropics are hard to come by. Most likely, if we find life elsewhere in our solar system, we'll find it in ice. That view is what motivated Jen Eigenbrode, a geobiologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Md., to establish SLIce (Signatures of Life in Ice), a project designed to study both how life survives in ice and what clues it offers to signal its presence.
5 Projects Ask if Life on Earth Began as Alien Life in Space Researchers are launching rovers to Mars, sending life on long journeys through space, attaching rocks to heat shields and shooting pellets at 4 miles per second - all to find out if alien life could have begun in outer space. Exogenesis, or the idea that life on Earth was born elsewhere in the solar system, is being tested in unfriendly real-world environments through these five research projects.
Scientists are expanding the search for extraterrestrial life -- and they've set their sights on some very unearthly planets. Cold "Super-Earths" -- giant, "snowball" planets that astronomers have spied on the outskirts of faraway solar systems -- could potentially support some kind of life, they have found. Such planets are plentiful; experts estimate that one-third of all solar systems contain super-Earths.
"We know there are a lot of super-Earths out there, and the next generation of telescopes will be even better at spotting them" - Scott Gaudi, assistant professor of astronomy at Ohio State University.
Living things excel at making the biological molecules that are essential to life, and indeed, copying yourself lies at the core of life's scientific definition. But attempts to understand the origin of life confront a familiar paradox: "Which came first, the chicken or the egg?" If life forms biomolecules, and biomolecules form life, what formed the first biomolecules? Scientists have found amino acids on meteorites, showing that biological molecules can form in space and survive a fiery descent through the atmosphere. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and a holy Grail in the effort to explain the origin of life.)