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Post Info TOPIC: Kliper
Blobrana


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India and Russia could jointly develop a new generation space shuttle for manned space flights and negotiations for the project are expected to begin in January, according to a top space official.

"India has expressed desire to participate in the development of a new reusable manned spaceship and from January next we will discuss this issue with the Energia Rocket and Space Corporation" - Chief of Russia's Federal Space Agency, Roskosmos, Anatoly Perminov.

Although Perminov did not identify the project, but 'Energia' Corporation is reportedly developing reusable spacecraft 'Clipper', which is expected to replace Soviet-designed Soyuz spaceships in Russia's national space programme.

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Blobrana


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Crew Exploration Vehicle
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A Nasa scientist has proposed using the replacement to the space shuttle to land on a near-Earth asteroid.
The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is due to make its maiden flight in 2014, with the eventual aim of ferrying astronauts to and from the Moon.
Dr Paul Abell said such a mission could help efforts to protect against an asteroid on course to hit Earth.
Currently, the project is envisaged to include two or three crew members and last a total of 90-180 days.

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Blobrana


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The winner of the tender to build Russia`s new-generation spacecraft will be announced on February 18, 2006.

Three Russian companies - the Energia Rocket and Space Corporation, the Khrunichev Space Centre and the Molniya Research and Production Association - have submitted bids to build the Clipper re-usable space craft.

Russia hopes to attract other countries to the Clipper construction project.
The European Space Agency (ESA) expressed interest in the six-man craft, which should eventually designed to replace the workhorse of the Russian space program, the Soyuz carrier rocket. Although ESA head Jean-Jacques Dordain said last summer that the ESA Council at ministerial level had not decided to participate directly in the Clipper project, it had agreed to allocate 300 million euros over the next three years to the development of advanced technologies for new transport spacecraft. The most likely recipient is thought to be the Clipper.

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Blobrana


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Russia has asked Japan’s space development agency to participate in its new Kliper spacecraft development program.

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has started collecting information on the program and will decide by the end of the year whether to accept the request.

Kiyoshi Higuchi, a senior agency official, hinted that the Japan Aerospace Exploration agency is willing to participate in the basic development, which will start in January 2006.

The European Space Agency is also considering taking part in the joint development and Japan’s participation would enable Russia, Japan and European nations to operate an international space station without relying on the U.S.

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration has said it will retire the space shuttle by 2010 and plans to return astronauts to the moon by 2018 in a vehicle designed to replace the space shuttle.


“Klipper” shuttle / Photo from www.feldpost.ru

“We should not rely on only one system to transport, and it is desirable to have alternative measures for stable space activities” - Kiyoshi Higuchi.

Russia has told the Japanese agency that the Kliper, a successor to the Soyuz spacecraft, will be able to accommodate six astronauts, up from three for the Soyuz, and allow them to be in space for about 10 days.

The new spacecraft is chiefly designed to transport people to and from a space station, while being used also for scientific purposes and space tourism.

Russia has also told the Japanese agency that the development of the Kliper will cost approximately £522 million.

Source MosNews

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Blobrana


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According to RSA Deputy Director Nikolai Moiseev, the Russian Space Agency, may launch the new Kliper spacecraft from the Kourou space centre in French Guiana.

"The plan is still on the drawing board. It could involve Russia's new reusable manned spacecraft Kliper, which was originally designed as an international spacecraft and, thus, can be launched from different space centres throughout the world" - Nikolai Moiseev.

Construction work has already begun on the new launch pad for the Russian Soyuz-2 rocket at Kourou, on South America's Caribbean coast, located at 5.2 ° N, 52.8 ° W

"The contractors are to build the new launch pad and make it operational within 36 months, beginning in April 2005" - Nikolai Moiseev.

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Blobrana


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The European Space Agency may join forces with Russia to develop the Kliper reusable spacecraft.
The new vehicle would be capable of taking cosmonauts into lunar orbit.
Esa will ask its member states to fund a 30-40m-euro (£20-27m) preparatory study at its next ministerial meeting.

Russia will replace its ageing Soyuz capsule with the Kliper and is seeking international partners.
The Soyuz has been in operation since the late 1960s, flying cosmonauts back and forth to Salyut, Mir and the International Space Station. Regarded as the workhorse of Russia's manned and unmanned space fleet, it is one of the most reliable spacecraft ever built.



Kliper TIMELINE

• 2011: First Kliper test flight
• 2014: Soyuz phased out
• 2020: First crewed Kliper flight

"The objective is to have a vehicle which is more comfortable than the Soyuz capsule which will be used with pilots and four passengers. It's meant to service the space station and to go between Earth and an orbit around the Moon with six crew members" - Alain Fournier-Sicre, head of the Esa permanent mission in the Russian Federation.

The Kliper is essentially a "people carrier" designed to transport astronauts, said Alan Thirkettle, head of the Esa's Human Spaceflight Development Department.

"For future exploration, when we have the objective of going to the Moon, it is important to have several possibilities to go there" - Alain Fournier - Sicre, Esa.

By joining forces with Russia, Europe would have access to a fixed number of seats on the vehicle, perhaps one or two per flight, for use by its own astronauts.

"At the moment we have to ask the Russians or ask the Americans to fly an astronaut. Through participation in the Kliper, we would have the right to seats when we want them" - Alan Thirkettle.

European industry would benefit, too, from Russia's years of experience in human spaceflight. Russia, in return, would have access to certain technologies that are more sophisticated in Europe.

"It potentially is a fairly happy marriage" - Alan Thirkettle.

Russia intends to build the Kliper within the next decade, carrying out the first automatic test flight in 2011. The fleet would gradually be phased in, finally replacing the Soyuz in 2014. The first flights with cosmonauts would start around 2020, at a time when the world has set its sights on returning to the Moon.
The Kliper would allow Russia and Europe to collaborate with other countries on lunar exploration, allowing six astronauts to orbit the Moon and to act as a back-up rescue craft, if needed.

"Experience has shown that it is very important within an international programme to have a robust approach in terms to access to space" - Alain Fournier-Sicre.

"For future exploration, when we have the objective of going to the Moon, it is important to have several possibilities to go there, and within this framework of cooperation to have our own access to orbit around the Moon" - Alan Thirkettle.
The Kliper also enhances the possibility of space tourism.

"On the Russian side, of course, they have in mind space tourism and propose a certain level of comfort; but the main objective is science" - Alain Fournier-Sicre.

Esa is to ask member states to fund a two-year study looking into the logistics of the scheme when ministers meet on 5-6 December.
The development and operational side of the programme is expected to cost around 100m (£68m) euros a year.

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Blobrana


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RE: MAKS 2005
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The biennial Russian International Aviation and Space Salon - is being held in Zhukovsky, close to Moscow, from 16 to 21 August. Space exploration has a prominent role at MAKS 2005 as for the first time the Russian Federal Space Agency, as well as ESA, are exhibitors.

All together 42 countries, 130 foreign aerospace companies and 500 Russian companies are taking part in the air show. ESA’s presence is a sign of the growing cooperation between ESA and Russia marked by the working group on cooperation with Russia set up by ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency at the beginning of this year. The working group is in the process of drawing up a Euro-Russian Space Cooperation Plan for presentation to ESA’s Ministerial Council in December.
A number of presentations are taking place at the ESA stand to inform visitors about the many areas of ESA-Russian cooperation; these include the development of future launchers, scientific interplanetary missions, scientific experiments on board the International Space Station (ISS), joint microgravity experiments in space and projects for Earth observation.
There will also be a presentation of Europe’s new navigation system Galileo, as well as its precursor EGNOS, and demonstrations of the EURITEX database for the exchange of technology information between European and Russian industries. At its stand, ESA will also show videos on the different areas of cooperation between ESA and the Federal Space Agency.


Artists' impression of the Clipper spacecraft in orbit

President Vladimir Putin opened MAKS 2005 on Tuesday and stayed to visit some of the displays and watch demonstration flights.
The head of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Anatoly Perminov, invited the Director of ESA’s Launchers Programme, Antonio Fabrizi, to join President Putin and Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov on a visit to a mock-up of Clipper, a Russian spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to the ISS and for future exploration of the solar system. It is expected that a decision on Europe’s future involvement in Clipper will be made in December at ESA’s Ministerial Council.

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Blobrana


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The Reshetnev Research and Production Association of Applied Mechanics (Zheleznogorsk, Siberia) a leading Russian space research company will present its latest innovations at the seventh MAKS aerospace show in the Moscow Region on August 16 2005.

The new-generation Express-AT1 satellite, the Luch-5A2 data relay satellite, and the Yevropa-1 specialized small satellite would be exhibited in the pavilions of the Russian Space Corps and the Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos).

The space research company is one of Russia’s leading enterprises developing and producing systems for satellite communication, navigation, and geodesy. The company built around 70% of the Russian satellites currently in orbit, and over 1,200 spacecraft over the past 45 years.

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Blobrana


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The Kliper spaceship will stars at the Moscow Air Show, MAKS on the 16-21 Aug 2005.
The Kliper was on show at the Paris Air Show in June 2005.
The shuttle will replace Soyuz for servicing the International Space Station, and for flights to the Moon and Mars.

It is designed to be reused up to 25 times.

Kliper’s rivals in the next-generation spacecraft stakes are the concept Crew Exploration Vehicles that Lockheed Martin and Boeing in the United States are designing for NASA, but neither of these spacecraft is designed to be reused. Clipper seats six, and the fact that it can be reused makes Clipper flights cheaper than its future rivals.
In a recent interview, Anatoly Perminov, general director of Russia's Federal Space Agency, suggested that the United States could be an eventual customer for Russian spacecraft. The main difference of the Clipper from US space shuttles and the Russian shuttle Buran is that it is made of two parts and only the piloted compartment is designed for multiple uses. The hardware compartment will be disposable, just like present Russian spaceships.
The estimated 100,000 visitors to MAKS2005, held at the Gromov Flight Research Institute at Zhukovsky airfield in Moscow, can expect daily demonstration flights of some 50 fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.


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Blobrana


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The Kliper spacecraft will use Buran seats
Russia’s Zvezda has agreed to provide ejection seats for the prototype of Energia’s six-crew Kliper reusable spacecraft; the test vehicle will use seats developed for the cancelled Russian space shuttle Buran. The operational Kliper, however will not use ejection seats.
The ejection seats use solid rocket motors intended to propel the test pilots up to 600m from a Buran flying at Mach 3 or less.
The Kiper will be developed after 2006 by a combined Russian, European and Japanese space agency team.

“Design of the (Kliper) version without wings is close to the Soyuz vehicle” - Sergei Sergeiovich, Zvezda deputy chief designer.



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