A newly discovered crater on Mercury may have been geologically active as recently as a billion years ago. The discovery was made by NASA's Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft on its latest fly-by of the innermost planet of the Solar System on 29 September.
"It's the youngest terrain we've yet seen on Mercury" - Clark Chapman a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and part of the MESSENGER mission team.
The crater, about 260 kilometres in diameter, does not have a formal name, but because it looks similar to a basin named Raditladi, discovered in early 2008, it has been informally dubbed Twin.
Expand (144kb, 1018 x 1024) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This image was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, when it was 15,900 kilometres away from Mercury. The image shows smooth plains and lava flooded craters which are evidence of volcanism on the planet. The image scale is 400 metres/pixel
Expand (93kb, 993 x 1113) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This mosaic was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, about 78 minutes prior to closest approach, when it was 16,200 kilometres away from Mercury. The NAC acquired 62 high-resolution images of not previously imaged terrain.
Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This image was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, when it was 15,000 kilometres away from Mercury. The image shows the rim of the Rembrandt impact basin (highlighted in Red) with two scarps (cliffs that have been highlighted in the image by yellow arrows). The scarps were created by deformation due to faulting (highlighted with blue arrows). The image scale is 390 metres/pixel
New photo of planet Mercury shows "paw print" crater This one should send conspiracy theorists rushing for the comfort of their X-Files collections. A NASA photo from the Mercury Surface Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging spacecraft, or MESSENGER, shows an arrangement of craters that looks like a giant paw print.
Expand (192kb, 1018 x 1024) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This image was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, when it was 15,300 kilometres away from Mercury. This image shows, near the center, a large, fresh crater with central peak structures, and associated small secondary craters and crater chains. The image resolution is 400 meters/pixel.
Expand (205kb, 1024 x 1024) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This image was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, about 78 minutes prior to closest approach, when it was 16,200 kilometres away from Mercury. This image shows the terminator, the dividing line between the sunlit and night side of the planet. The prominent crater near the middle of the left edge of the image is approximately 100 kilometres in diameter.
Expand (192kb, 720 X 1400) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
These images all show the same region on Mercury. The image on the left was captured on the Messenger spaceprobes second flyby, on the 6th October 2008. The image on the right was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe. The images below are simple cylindrical projections of them, with a few bright craters which are labelled with letters to help locate the other features. The distance from "A" to "B" in the lower panel is about 300 kilometres.
Expand (254kb, 1018 X 1024) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This image shows a bean-shaped pit-floor crater inside the large crater near the center. The pit-floor craters may be evidence of volcanic processes. The image was captured on the 29th September, 2009, by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe when it was 15,200 kilometres away. The image scale is 390 metres/pixel.
Expand (49kb, 1024 x 1024) Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
This series of images were captured between the 3rd to the 4th October, 2009, 2009, by the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) aboard the Messenger spaceprobe, when it was between 1,030,000 and 1,500,000 kilometres away from Mercury. The images show the differing phase angles as the spaceprobe travelled away from the planet.