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Post Info TOPIC: Comet C/2010 V1 (IKEYA-MURAKAMI)
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Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami
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Title: Constraints on Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami
Author: Man-To Hui, Quan-Zhi Ye, Paul Wiegert

Encke-type comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami is experiencing cascading fragmentation events during its 2016 apparition. It is likely the first splitting Encke-type comet ever being observed. A nongravitational solution to the astrometry reveals a statistical detection of the radial and transverse nongravitational parameters, A1=(1.54±0.39) x 10^-8 AU day^-2, and A2=(7.19±1.92) x 10^-9 AU day^-2, respectively, which implies a nucleus erosion rate of (0.91±0.17)% per orbital revolution. The mass-loss rate likely has to be supported by a much larger fraction of an active surface area than known cases of short-period comets; it may be relevant to the ongoing fragmentation. We failed to detect any serendipitous pre-discovery observations of the comet in archival data from major sky surveys, whereby we infer that 332P used to be largely inactive, and is perhaps among the few short-period comets which have been reactivated from weakly active or dormant states. We therefore constrain an upper limit to the nucleus size as 2.0±0.2 km in radius. A search for small bodies in similar orbits to that of 332P reveals comet P/2010 B2 (WISE) as the best candidate. From an empirical generalised Jupiter-family (Encke-type included) comet population model, we estimate the likelihood of chance alignment of the 332P--P/2010 B2 pair to be 1 in 33, a small number indicative of a genetic linkage between the two comets on a statistical basis. The pair possibly originated from a common progenitor which underwent a disintegration event well before the twentieth century.

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Title: Fragmentation Kinematics in Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami
Author: David Jewitt, Max Mutchler, Harold Weaver, Man-To Hui, Jessica Agarwal, Masateru Ishiguro, Jan Kleyna, Jing Li, Karen Meech, Marco Micheli, Richard Wainscoat, Robert Weryk

We present initial time-resolved observations of the split comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami taken using the Hubble Space Telescope. Our images reveal a dust-bathed cluster of fragments receding from their parent nucleus at projected speeds in the range 0.06 to 3.5 m s-1 from which we estimate ejection times from October to December 2015. The number of fragments with effective radii \gtrsim 20 m follows a differential power law with index gamma = -3.6±0.6, while smaller fragments are less abundant than expected from an extrapolation of this power-law. We argue that, in addition to losses due to observational selection, torques from anisotropic outgassing are capable of destroying the small fragments by driving them quickly to rotational instability. Specifically, the spin-up times of fragments \lesssim 20 m in radius are shorter than the time elapsed since ejection from the parent nucleus. The effective radius of the parent nucleus is re \lesssim 275 m (geometric albedo 0.04 assumed). This is about seven times smaller than previous estimates and results in a nucleus mass at least 300 times smaller than previously thought. The mass in solid pieces, 2 x 109 kg, is about 4% of the mass of the parent nucleus. As a result of its small size, the parent nucleus also has a short spin-up time. Brightness variations in time-resolved nucleus photometry are consistent with rotational instability playing a role in the release of fragments. 

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Hubble Takes Close-up Look at Disintegrating Comet

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has captured one of the sharpest, most detailed observations of a comet breaking apart, which occurred 67 million miles from Earth.
In a series of images taken over a three-day span in January 2016, Hubble revealed 25 building-size blocks made of a mixture of ice and dust that are drifting away from the comet at a leisurely pace, about the walking speed of an adult.
The observations suggest that the roughly 4.5-billion-year-old comet, named 332P/Ikeya-Murakami, or Comet 332P, may be spinning so fast that material is ejected from its surface. The resulting debris is now scattered along a 3,000-mile-long trail, larger than the width of the continental U.S.
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RE: Comet C/2010 V1 (IKEYA-MURAKAMI)
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Comet P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami) is at Opposition (2.821 AU) on the 7th October 2014 

Ephemeris

Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r    Elong.  Phase   Mag
2014 10 05    00 49 44.4 +07 43 24   2.8248  3.8234   176.3     1.0  16.1
2014 10 06    00 48 55.3 +07 39 47   2.8211  3.8200   177.2     0.7  16.1
2014 10 07    00 48 06.1 +07 36 09   2.8177  3.8167   177.7     0.6  16.1
2014 10 08    00 47 16.8 +07 32 29   2.8146  3.8133   177.6     0.6  16.1
2014 10 09    00 46 27.4 +07 28 47   2.8119  3.8099   177.1     0.8  16.1
2014 10 10    00 45 38.1 +07 25 04   2.8094  3.8065   176.2     1.0  16.0
2014 10 11    00 44 48.7 +07 21 20   2.8073  3.8031   175.2     1.3  16.0
2014 10 12    00 43 59.4 +07 17 35   2.8055  3.7997   174.1     1.6  16.0
2014 10 13    00 43 10.2 +07 13 50   2.8040  3.7963   173.0     1.8  16.0
2014 10 14    00 42 21.2 +07 10 04   2.8028  3.7928   171.8     2.1  16.0
2014 10 15    00 41 32.3 +07 06 18   2.8019  3.7894   170.7     2.4  16.0
2014 10 16    00 40 43.6 +07 02 32   2.8013  3.7860   169.5     2.8  16.0
2014 10 17    00 39 55.2 +06 58 46   2.8011  3.7825   168.3     3.1  16.0
2014 10 18    00 39 07.1 +06 55 01   2.8011  3.7791   167.1     3.4  16.0
2014 10 19    00 38 19.3 +06 51 16   2.8015  3.7756   165.9     3.7  16.0
2014 10 20    00 37 31.9 +06 47 33   2.8021  3.7721   164.8     4.0  16.0
2014 10 21    00 36 44.8 +06 43 50   2.8031  3.7687   163.6     4.3  16.0
2014 10 22    00 35 58.3 +06 40 09   2.8044  3.7652   162.4     4.6  16.0
2014 10 23    00 35 12.2 +06 36 30   2.8059  3.7617   161.2     4.9  16.0
2014 10 24    00 34 26.6 +06 32 52   2.8078  3.7582   160.0     5.2  16.0
2014 10 25    00 33 41.6 +06 29 17   2.8099  3.7547   158.8     5.5  16.0
2014 10 26    00 32 57.1 +06 25 44   2.8124  3.7511   157.7     5.8  16.0
2014 10 27    00 32 13.3 +06 22 13   2.8151  3.7476   156.5     6.1  16.0
2014 10 28    00 31 30.1 +06 18 45   2.8182  3.7441   155.3     6.4  16.0
2014 10 29    00 30 47.7 +06 15 20   2.8215  3.7405   154.1     6.7  16.0
2014 10 30    00 30 05.9 +06 11 59   2.8251  3.7370   152.9     6.9  16.0
2014 10 31    00 29 24.9 +06 08 40   2.8289  3.7334   151.8     7.2  16.0


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Title: Outbursting Comet P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami): A Miniature Comet Holmes
Author: Masateru Ishiguro, David Jewitt, Hidekazu Hanayama, Fumihiko Usui, Tomohiko Sekiguchi, Kenshi Yanagisawa, Daisuke Kuroda, Michitoshi Yoshida, Kouji Ohta, Nobuyuki Kawai, Takeshi Miyaji, Hideo Fukushima, Jun-ichi Watanabe

Short-period comet P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami, hereafter V1) was discovered visually by two amateur astronomers. The appearance of the comet was peculiar, consisting of an envelope, a spherical coma near the nucleus and a tail extending in the anti-solar direction. We investigated the brightness and the morphological development of the comet by taking optical images with ground-based telescopes. Our observations show that V1 experienced a large-scale explosion between UT 2010 October 31 and November 3. The color of the comet was consistent with the Sun (g'-RC=0.61+-0.20, RC-IC=0.20+-0.20, and B-RC=0.93+-0.25), suggesting that dust particles were responsible for the brightening. We used a dynamical model to understand the peculiar morphology, and found that the envelope consisted of small grains (0.3-1 micron) expanding at a maximum speed of 500+-40 m/s, while the tail and coma were composed of a wider range of dust particle sizes (0.4-570 micron) and expansion speeds 7-390 m/s. The total mass of ejecta is ~5x10^8 kg and kinetic energy ~5x10^12 J. These values are much smaller than in the historic outburst of 17P/Holmes in 2007, but the energy per unit mass (1x10^4 J/kg) is comparable. The energy per unit mass is about 10% of the energy released during the crystallization of amorphous water ice suggesting that crystallization of buried amorphous ice can supply the mass and energy of the outburst ejecta.

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Comet P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami) is at Opposition (3.564 AU) on the 3rd September, 2013.




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Ephemeris

Date       UT      R.A. (J2000) Decl.    Delta     r     El.    Ph.  Mag
2011 09 12 000000 16 48 50.6 -32 12 46   2.943   3.045   86.1  19.3  15.2
2011 10 12 000000 17 24 45.4 -31 44 34   3.484   3.186   64.6  16.4  15.7
2011 11 11 000000 18 06 33.8 -31 10 22   3.962   3.320   43.9  11.9  16.2
2011 12 11 000000 18 50 38.5 -30 12 46   4.326   3.447   23.7   6.6  16.6
2012 01 10 000000 19 34 08.2 -28 47 49   4.540   3.567    7.2   2.0  16.8
2012 02 09 000000 20 14 39.1 -27 03 18   4.585   3.679   20.8   5.5  17.0
2012 03 10 000000 20 50 03.7 -25 16 05   4.462   3.785   42.1  10.1  17.0
2012 04 09 000000 21 18 09.8 -23 49 20   4.199   3.883   65.0  13.5  17.0
2012 05 09 000000 21 36 13.5 -23 09 16   3.848   3.975   89.8  14.7  16.9
2012 06 08 000000 21 40 51.3 -23 37 01   3.491   4.059  117.4  12.8  16.8
2012 07 08 000000 21 29 41.2 -25 07 09   3.240   4.137  148.0   7.5  16.7
2012 08 07 000000 21 06 38.1 -26 43 32   3.206   4.208  169.7   2.5  16.8
2012 09 06 000000 20 44 40.3 -27 16 36   3.434   4.272  141.8   8.4  17.0
2012 10 06 000000 20 35 47.4 -26 34 44   3.864   4.330  111.4  12.4  17.3
2012 11 05 000000 20 42 09.8 -25 03 31   4.379   4.381   83.6  13.0  17.6
2012 12 05 000000 20 59 58.2 -23 01 17   4.869   4.425   57.9  10.9  17.9
2013 01 04 000000 21 24 35.0 -20 36 23   5.247   4.464   33.8   7.0  18.1
2013 02 03 000000 21 52 15.6 -17 56 12   5.459   4.496   11.0   2.4  18.2
2013 03 05 000000 22 20 10.7 -15 11 08   5.478   4.521   13.8   3.0  18.2
2013 04 04 000000 22 46 03.6 -12 35 03   5.308   4.541   36.3   7.5  18.2
2013 05 04 000000 23 07 43.1 -10 24 39   4.979   4.554   59.7  11.0  18.1
2015 11 20 000000 09 23 03.2 +28 48 18   1.329   1.822  102.7  32.0  11.2
2016 02 18 000000 10 49 24.6 +22 09 17   0.599   1.574  164.9   9.4   8.9
2016 05 18 000000 11 13 34.6 -00 07 08   1.094   1.747  112.0  32.5  10.6


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Comet C/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami) makes its closest approach to the Earth (1.494 AU) on the 16th May, 2011.



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Comet P/2010 V1 (IKEYA-MURAKAMI)
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Google Earth file: Comet P2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami).kmz (16kb, kmz)

Ephemeris

Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase  Mag
2011 05 07    17 21 55.3 -36 34 56   1.5034  2.3789   141.7    15.2  12.6
2011 05 08    17 21 04.1 -36 38 58   1.5015  2.3844   142.8    14.8  12.7
2011 05 09    17 20 11.0 -36 42 51   1.4999  2.3898   143.8    14.5  12.7
2011 05 10    17 19 16.0 -36 46 34   1.4985  2.3953   144.8    14.1  12.7
2011 05 11    17 18 19.3 -36 50 08   1.4973  2.4008   145.8    13.7  12.7
2011 05 12    17 17 20.8 -36 53 30   1.4963  2.4062   146.9    13.3  12.7
2011 05 13    17 16 20.7 -36 56 43   1.4955  2.4117   147.9    12.9  12.7
2011 05 14    17 15 19.0 -36 59 44   1.4949  2.4171   148.9    12.5  12.7
2011 05 15    17 14 15.7 -37 02 34   1.4945  2.4226   149.9    12.1  12.7
2011 05 16    17 13 11.1 -37 05 13   1.4944  2.4280   150.9    11.7  12.7
2011 05 17    17 12 05.1 -37 07 40   1.4945  2.4335   151.9    11.3  12.7
2011 05 18    17 10 57.9 -37 09 56   1.4948  2.4389   152.9    10.9  12.7
2011 05 19    17 09 49.5 -37 11 59   1.4953  2.4444   153.9    10.5  12.8
2011 05 20    17 08 40.0 -37 13 50   1.4961  2.4498   154.8    10.1  12.8
2011 05 21    17 07 29.4 -37 15 29   1.4971  2.4552   155.8     9.7  12.8
2011 05 22    17 06 18.0 -37 16 56   1.4984  2.4607   156.7     9.4  12.8
2011 05 23    17 05 05.6 -37 18 09   1.4999  2.4661   157.6     9.0  12.8
2011 05 24    17 03 52.6 -37 19 11   1.5016  2.4716   158.5     8.7  12.8
2011 05 25    17 02 38.9 -37 19 59   1.5036  2.4770   159.3     8.3  12.8
2011 05 26    17 01 24.7 -37 20 34   1.5059  2.4824   160.1     8.0  12.8
2011 05 27    17 00 10.0 -37 20 57   1.5083  2.4878   160.9     7.7  12.9
2011 05 28    16 58 54.9 -37 21 07   1.5111  2.4933   161.6     7.4  12.9
2011 05 29    16 57 39.6 -37 21 04   1.5141  2.4987   162.3     7.1  12.9
2011 05 30    16 56 24.2 -37 20 48   1.5173  2.5041   162.9     6.8  12.9
2011 05 31    16 55 08.7 -37 20 20   1.5209  2.5095   163.5     6.6  12.9
2011 06 01    16 53 53.2 -37 19 39   1.5246  2.5149   164.0     6.4  12.9
2011 06 02    16 52 38.0 -37 18 46   1.5287  2.5203   164.4     6.2  12.9
2011 06 03    16 51 22.9 -37 17 41   1.5330  2.5257   164.8     6.0  13.0
2011 06 04    16 50 08.3 -37 16 23   1.5375  2.5311   165.0     5.9  13.0
2011 06 05    16 48 54.1 -37 14 54   1.5423  2.5365   165.2     5.9  13.0
2011 06 06    16 47 40.4 -37 13 14   1.5474  2.5419   165.3     5.8  13.0
2011 06 07    16 46 27.4 -37 11 22   1.5528  2.5473   165.3     5.8  13.0
2011 06 08    16 45 15.1 -37 09 19   1.5584  2.5527   165.2     5.8  13.0
2011 06 09    16 44 03.6 -37 07 06   1.5642  2.5581   165.0     5.9  13.1
2011 06 10    16 42 53.1 -37 04 43   1.5704  2.5635   164.7     6.0  13.1
2011 06 11    16 41 43.5 -37 02 09   1.5767  2.5688   164.3     6.1  13.1
2011 06 12    16 40 35.0 -36 59 27   1.5834  2.5742   163.8     6.3  13.1
2011 06 13    16 39 27.6 -36 56 35   1.5903  2.5796   163.3     6.5  13.1
2011 06 14    16 38 21.4 -36 53 34   1.5974  2.5849   162.8     6.7  13.1
2011 06 15    16 37 16.4 -36 50 25   1.6048  2.5903   162.1     6.9  13.2
2011 06 16    16 36 12.8 -36 47 08   1.6125  2.5957   161.4     7.2  13.2
2011 06 17    16 35 10.5 -36 43 44   1.6204  2.6010   160.7     7.4  13.2
2011 06 18    16 34 09.7 -36 40 13   1.6285  2.6064   160.0     7.7  13.2
2011 06 19    16 33 10.3 -36 36 35   1.6369  2.6117   159.2     7.9  13.2
2011 06 20    16 32 12.4 -36 32 51   1.6456  2.6170   158.4     8.2  13.3
2011 06 21    16 31 16.2 -36 29 00   1.6545  2.6224   157.5     8.5  13.3
2011 06 22    16 30 21.5 -36 25 05   1.6636  2.6277   156.7     8.8  13.3
2011 06 23    16 29 28.4 -36 21 04   1.6730  2.6330   155.8     9.1  13.3
2011 06 24    16 28 37.1 -36 16 59   1.6826  2.6383   154.9     9.4  13.3
2011 06 25    16 27 47.5 -36 12 50   1.6924  2.6437   154.0     9.7  13.4
2011 06 26    16 26 59.6 -36 08 37   1.7025  2.6490   153.0    10.0  13.4
2011 06 27    16 26 13.5 -36 04 20   1.7128  2.6543   152.1    10.3  13.4
2011 06 28    16 25 29.3 -36 00 01   1.7233  2.6596   151.2    10.6  13.4
2011 06 29    16 24 46.8 -35 55 39   1.7341  2.6649   150.2    10.9  13.5
2011 06 30    16 24 06.2 -35 51 15   1.7451  2.6702   149.3    11.2  13.5
2011 07 01    16 23 27.5 -35 46 49   1.7563  2.6754   148.3    11.5  13.5
2011 07 02    16 22 50.7 -35 42 21   1.7677  2.6807   147.4    11.8  13.5
2011 07 03    16 22 15.8 -35 37 53   1.7793  2.6860   146.4    12.1  13.5
2011 07 04    16 21 42.8 -35 33 24   1.7911  2.6913   145.5    12.4  13.6
2011 07 05    16 21 11.7 -35 28 54   1.8032  2.6965   144.5    12.6  13.6
2011 07 06    16 20 42.6 -35 24 25   1.8154  2.7018   143.6    12.9  13.6
2011 07 07    16 20 15.4 -35 19 55   1.8279  2.7070   142.6    13.2  13.6
2011 07 08    16 19 50.1 -35 15 27   1.8405  2.7123   141.7    13.4  13.7
2011 07 09    16 19 26.7 -35 10 59   1.8534  2.7175   140.7    13.7  13.7
2011 07 10    16 19 05.3 -35 06 32   1.8664  2.7228   139.8    14.0  13.7
2011 07 11    16 18 45.7 -35 02 07   1.8796  2.7280   138.8    14.2  13.7
2011 07 12    16 18 28.0 -34 57 43   1.8930  2.7332   137.9    14.5  13.8
2011 07 13    16 18 12.2 -34 53 21   1.9065  2.7385   136.9    14.7  13.8
2011 07 14    16 17 58.3 -34 49 02   1.9203  2.7437   136.0    14.9  13.8
2011 07 15    16 17 46.2 -34 44 44   1.9342  2.7489   135.0    15.1  13.8
2011 07 16    16 17 36.0 -34 40 29   1.9482  2.7541   134.1    15.4  13.8
2011 07 17    16 17 27.5 -34 36 17   1.9625  2.7593   133.2    15.6  13.9
2011 07 18    16 17 20.9 -34 32 07   1.9769  2.7645   132.2    15.8  13.9
2011 07 19    16 17 16.0 -34 28 00   1.9914  2.7697   131.3    16.0  13.9
2011 07 20    16 17 12.9 -34 23 56   2.0062  2.7748   130.4    16.2  13.9
2011 07 21    16 17 11.6 -34 19 56   2.0210  2.7800   129.5    16.4  14.0
2011 07 22    16 17 12.0 -34 15 58   2.0360  2.7852   128.6    16.6  14.0
2011 07 23    16 17 14.1 -34 12 05   2.0512  2.7903   127.7    16.8  14.0
2011 07 24    16 17 17.9 -34 08 14   2.0665  2.7955   126.8    16.9  14.0
2011 07 25    16 17 23.3 -34 04 27   2.0819  2.8006   125.8    17.1  14.1
2011 07 26    16 17 30.4 -34 00 44   2.0975  2.8058   125.0    17.3  14.1
2011 07 27    16 17 39.2 -33 57 05   2.1132  2.8109   124.1    17.4  14.1
2011 07 28    16 17 49.6 -33 53 29   2.1291  2.8161   123.2    17.6  14.1
2011 07 29    16 18 01.6 -33 49 57   2.1450  2.8212   122.3    17.7  14.2
2011 07 30    16 18 15.2 -33 46 29   2.1611  2.8263   121.4    17.9  14.2
2011 07 31    16 18 30.3 -33 43 05   2.1773  2.8314   120.5    18.0  14.2


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