* Astronomy

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RE: Greenhouse Gases

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UN examines fossil fuel influence in climate talks process

Campaigners say there should be greater scrutiny of industry bodies that are involved in UN climate talks.
Environmental groups allege that fossil fuel industries are funding a number of business and industry participants in these talks.
These groups should be restricted, say the campaigners, because they say their goal is to slow down or derail progress.
Business representatives say that the discussion is an attempt at censorship.
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Earth warming to climate tipping point, warns study

A warmer world will release vast volumes of carbon into the atmosphere, potentially triggering dangerous climate change, scientists warn.
Writing in journal Nature, they project that an increase of 1C (1.8F) will release an additional 55 billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere by 2050.
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Scientists probe underground depths of Earth's carbon cycle

Understanding how carbon dissolves in water at the molecular level under extreme conditions is critical to understanding the Earth's deep carbon cycle - a process that ultimately influences global climate change.
Contrary to current geochemical models, the carbon dissolved in water-rich fluid at the bottom of the Earth's upper mantle is not in the form of carbon dioxide but rather in carbonate and bicarbonate ions. That is the conclusion of scientists at UChicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering, who simulated the fate of dissolved carbon dioxide under high pressures and temperatures in the upper mantle, about 410 miles below the surface of the Earth. Their results were published in the Oct. 12 issue of Science Advances.
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Rise in atmospheric CO2 slowed by green vegetation

The growth in the amount of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere has been slowed by the increased ability of plants to soak up the gas.
A new study says that green vegetation has helped offset a large fraction of human related carbon emissions between 2002 and 2014.
Plants and trees have become more absorbent say the authors, because of so much extra CO2 in the atmosphere.
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WMO: Five hottest years on record have occurred since 2011

New data released by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) shows that the five years from 2011 to 2015 were the warmest on record.
The report, published at global climate talks in Morocco, strongly links human activities to rising temperatures.
It says that some studies found the the burning of fossil fuels had increased the probability of extreme heat by 10 times or more.
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Paris climate deal: EU backs landmark agreement

The European Parliament has backed the ratification of the Paris climate deal, paving the way for the world's first global agreement.
The deal aims to limit greenhouse gas emissions and keep global temperature increases "well below" 2C.
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Arnold Schwarzenegger

Spoiler

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Global CO2 emissions 'stalled' in 2014

The growth in global carbon emissions stalled last year, according to data from the International Energy Agency.
It marks the first time in 40 years that annual CO2 emissions growth has remained stable, in the absence of a major economic crisis, the agency said.
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First Direct Observation of Carbon Dioxide's Increasing Greenhouse Effect at the Earth's Surface

Scientists have observed an increase in carbon dioxide's greenhouse effect at the Earth's surface for the first time. The researchers, led by scientists from the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), measured atmospheric carbon dioxide's increasing capacity to absorb thermal radiation emitted from the Earth's surface over an eleven-year period at two locations in North America. They attributed this upward trend to rising CO2 levels from fossil fuel emissions.
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