The comet will pass extremely close to Mars on 19 October 2014; there is even a small possibility that it could impact the planet. With an observation arc of 74 days, the nominal pass is 0.0007 AU (100,000 km) from the center-point of Mars. Due to the uncertainty region, there is a small possibility that the comet will pass Mars as far away as 0.0079 AU (1,180,000 km). The comet will pass Mars at a relative velocity of 56 km/s. Estimates for the diameter of the nucleus vary from 8 up to 50 km, meaning the energy of impact might reach 20 billion megatons at the upper limit. The diameter of an impact crater would be roughly ten times the diameter of the comet's nucleus. Observations by Leonid Elenin on 27 February 2013, suggest the comet may pass 0.000276 AU (41,300 km) from the center-point of Mars. Read more
The C/2013 A1 comet may pass as close as 37,000 km from the surface of Mars in October 2014, according to data published Wednesday by the New Mexico-based ISON-NM observatory. Read more
Comet C/2013 A1 (SIDING SPRING) was discovered by the Siding Spring Survey telescope, on the 8th December, 2012. The preliminary orbital elements of the comet indicate perihelion passage on the 25th October, 2014 at a distance of approximately 1.4 AU from the Sun.