Stephen Sackur talks to Sir Roger Penrose about his latest theory on what may have existed before the Big Bang. Read more
Title: On Penrose's `before the big bang' ideas Authors: C. Denson Hill, Pawel Nurowski
We point out that algebraically special Einstein fields with twisting rays exhibit the basic properties of conformal Universes considered recently by Roger Penrose.
"A team of physicists has claimed that our view of the early Universe may contain the signature of a time before the Big Bang. The discovery comes from studying the cosmic microwave background (CMB), light emitted when the Universe was just 400,000 years old."
Once upon a time, time was different. Supernova explosions in the early universe appear to age more slowly than today's supernovae, as if time itself was running slower back then, according to a recent series of astronomical observations. This cosmic time warp is exactly what should be produced by the expansion of the universe, confirming conventional big bang theory.
The False Vacuum arises naturally in any theory that contains scalar fields, that is, fields that resemble electric or magnetic fields except that they have no direction. The Higgs fields of the Standard Model of particle physics or the more speculative grand unified theories are examples of scalar fields. It is typical of Higgs fields that the energy density is minimal not when the field vanishes, but instead at some nonzero value of the field.