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TOPIC: Herschel Space Observatory


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RE: Herschel Space Observatory
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The space telescope Herschel is the largest space-borne observatory to date, carrying the biggest astronomical mirror ever launched into orbit. Calar Alto Observatory has participated in a way in this challenging project of the European Space Agency as the company that built the telescope, EADS Astrium (Toulouse, France), relied on Calar Alto facilities and staff to perform the critical operation of applying the reflective aluminium coating to the mirror.
Herschel space telescope is a spacecraft launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to perform cutting-edge astronomical studies of the cold universe; in particular, the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies and the relationship between the two. A pioneering mission that will help understand how the Universe came to be what it is today.
The space mission Herschel carries the largest space telescope ever launched. With its 3.5-m primary mirror, it is four times larger than any previous infrared space telescope and almost one and a half times larger than the Hubble space telescope. The size of the primary mirror is the key to a telescope's sensitivity: the larger it is, the fainter the objects it can see. But the surface of the mirror has to be precisely shaped and show a perfect and uniform reflectivity since the slightest roughness would distort its image. Herschel mirror, an innovative device made from silicon carbide, got its top quality aluminium reflective surface at Calar Alto coating facility.

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The Herschel and Planck space telescopes were successfully launched from the European spaceport in Kourou at 15:12 CEST today. The satellites were carried on their way to Lagrange point L2, around 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth, by an Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle. The two infrared telescopes are carrying high-tech German research instruments, which are financed by the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR) using funds from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie; BMWi). Herschel will study extremely cold objects in galaxies while Planck will use the cosmic background radiation to examine the primordial universe. German scientists have a significant degree of involvement in these ambitious European Space Agency (ESA) missions.

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The Herschel and Planck spacecraft successfully blasted into space at 6:12 a.m. Pacific Time (9:12 a.m. Eastern Time) on May 14 from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.
The European Space Agency missions, with significant participation from NASA, hitched a ride together on an Ariane 5 rocket, but now have different journeys before them. Herschel will explore, with unprecedented clarity, the earliest stages of star and galaxy birth in the universe; it will help answer the question of how our sun and Milky Way galaxy came to be. Planck will look back to almost the beginning of time itself, gathering new details to help explain how our universe came to be.

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ESA's Herschel and Planck satellites have today (14th May 2009) been successfully launched into space where they will start collecting the most detailed information yet about the birth and evolution of our Universe and its galaxies.

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At around 13:40 CEST today, 8:40 at the launch site in Kourou, the Ariane 5 carrying Herschel and Planck rolled out onto the launch pad from its earlier location in the final assembly building under blue skies complete with puffy clouds.

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The Ariane 5 that will loft Herschel and Planck into space has been declared ready for launch following the conclusion of the Launch Readiness Review held on 9 May and a close-out review held on 12 May. The launch is scheduled for 15:12 CEST on 14 May.

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The launch readiness review (RAL) took place in Kourou on Tuesday, May 12, 2008 and authorised count-down operations for the HERSCHEL & PLANCK launch.
For its second launch of the year, Arianespace will orbit two scientific satellites for the European Space Agency: the Herschel space telescope and the Planck scientific observatory.
The two satellites are being launched towards the Lagrange Point (L2), once again demonstrating the operational capabilities of Ariane 5. This is the only launch vehicle on the commercial market today capable of launching two payloads simultaneously, and handling a complete array of missions, from commercial launches into geostationary orbit, to scientific missions into special orbits.
It will be launched from the Ariane launch complex N° 3 (ELA3), in Kourou, French Guiana.
The Ariane 5 ECA launcher lift-off for this flight is scheduled during the day of May 14, 2009 as soon as possible within the following launch window:

UTC

Paris, France

Kourou

Washington, D.C., USA

Moscow, Russia

Between 1:12 p.m.
and 2:07 p.m. on
May 14, 2009

Between 3:12 p.m.
and 4:07 p.m. on
May 14, 2009

Between 10:12 a.m.
and 11:07 a.m. on
May 14, 2009

Between 9:12 a.m.
and 10:07 a.m. on
May 14, 2009

Between 5:12 p.m.
and 6:07 p.m. on
May 14, 2009



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